WELL KNOWN DATES OF INDIAN HISTORY

WELL KNOWN  DATES OF INDIAN HISTORY

B.C.

3000- 1500  :   Indus Valley Civilisation, Mohenjo-Daro and  Harappa Culture.

2000 – 1500 :  Advent of  Aryans in India.

1500 – 900   :  The Vedic Age  - Rigveda, Samaveda Yajurveda.

599               :  Birth of Mahavira at Kundagrama near Vaishali in (Bihar). Propounded

                        Jainism; Mahavira’s   Nirvana (death)  527B.C.- Pavapuri (Patna, Bihar)

567 or 563    :   Birth of Gautama Buddha at Lumbini (Indo – Nepal border ) founder of

Buddhism; Attainment of Knowledge Bodh Gaya (Bihar) First Sermon: Sarnath (Near Varanasi U. P.)  Buddha’s Nirvana (death) 487 B. C. Kushinagar (Gorakhpur U.P.).

327 or 326    :  Alexander’s  invasion of India. It opened a land route between India and

                        Europe.

322               :  Chandragupta Maurya’s accession to the throne of Magadha.

298 – 273     :  Bindusara – Son of Chandragupta Maurya succeeded to the throne.

273 – 232     :  Ashoka’s Reign. Ashoka son of Bindusara.

261               : Battle of Kalinga. This Battle killed the ‘ soldiery in Ashoka.

58                 :  Introduction of  ‘Vikrama Samvat’ (era) by king Vikramaditya of  Ujjain.  

A.D

320 – 540     : Gupta Dynasty . Golden period in Indian History Gupta period.     

405               :  Visit of  Fahien (Chinese traveller) to India from 399 to 414. 15 Years

                        journey in the Gupta Empire. 

629 – 647     : Harsh Vardhana’s reign; visit of Hiuen – Tsang – Chinese traveller to India.

1001           :    First invasion of India by Muhmud of Ghazni.

1025           :    Mahmud of Ghazni destroyed Somnath Tample.

1191           :    First battle of Tarain. Muhammad Ghori defeated by Prithviraj Chauhan.

1192           :    Second battle of Tarain. Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan.

1469           :    Birth of Guru Nank Dev .Founder of Sikhism.

1526           :    Babar’s invasion; first Battle of Panipat between Ibahim Lodhi and Babar;

                        won by Babar; foundation of  Mughal Rule in North India.

1539           :    Death of Guru Nanak.

1556           :    Second Battle of Panipat ; Akbar defeated Hemu

1576           :    Battle of Haldighat pass ; Akbar defeated Rana Pratap.

1600           :    East India company was established in India (Dec 31).

1605           :    Death of Akbar.           

1612           :    First British Factory was set up in Surat.

1627           :    Birth of Shivaji .

1757           :    Battle of Plassey Sira-ud-Daula & English forces under Clive won by

English forces fought at Plassey. The English became masters of Bengal:foundation of British rule.

1761          :     Third Battle of Panipat between Ahmed Shah Abdali and Marathas  

won by  Ahmed Shah Abdali..

1764           :    Battle of Buxar between Joint forces of Muslims and English forces won by

                        English..

1835           :    Introduction of English as medium of instruction as recommended by lord

                        Macaulay.

1839           :    Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh .

1853           :    The first Indian railway line opened from (Bombay to Thana)

1857           :    First battle of Indian independence.

1858          :    Death of Rani Jhansi .

1869           :    Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2^nd October .

1875           :    Arya Samaj founded by Rishi Dayanand .

1885           :    Indian National congress was founded by A.O. Hume.

1909           :    Indian council Act or Morley-Minto Reforms Bill passed .

1914           :    World war I started .

1918           :    World war ended.

1919           :    Government of India Act (or the montage Chelmsford reform ): Rowlatt Act

                        or the Black Bill passed. (13^th April )- Tragedy of  Jallianwala Bagh at

                        Amritsar .

1920          :     Bal Gangadhar Tilak passed away: Non Co-operation movement started by                                                   Mahatma Gandhi; Khilafat Movement started by Ali Brother’s –

Mohammed Ali & Shaukat Ali.  

1921           :    Chauri Chaura Outrage in Village in U.P. (5^th Feb) and thereafter Mahatma

Gandhi arrested (10 March).First Civil Disobedient movement starts in India.

1929         :      Resolution for Purna Swaraj passed at the Lahore Congress under the                                                             presidentship of Pe. Jawaharlal Nehru (31 Dec.)

1948    :           Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi (30^th January ). Death of Md. Ali Jinnah

                        ( September 1) 

1951    :           First five year plan started.

1952    :           First General Elections in the country.

1956    :           States’ Reorganization Act India divided into 14 states & 6 Union Territories.

1962    :           China’s massive invasion of India (October 20) ; Emergency declared by the                                                  President (October 26)

General Knowledge Geography : - SUPERLATIVES WORLD

General Knowledge Geography : - SUPERLATIVES WORLD

THE BIGGEST

Biggest City   (in area)                             Mount Isa at Queensland (Australia).

Biggest Country  (in area)                        Russia.

Biggest Dam                                           Grand Be (USA)

Biggest Dome                                         Gol Gumbaz (India)

Biggest Island                                         Greenland (renamed Kalaallit Nunaat).

Biggest Library                                        National Kie Library

Biggest  Museum                                    American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Biggest Ocean                                        Pacific.

Biggest Palace                                        Vatican (Italy)

Biggest  Planet                                        Jupiter

Biggest Statue                                         Motherland (Russia)

THE HIGHEST

Highest Airport                                        Lhasa (Tibet)

Highest Dam                                           The Grands (Switzerland)

Highest Mountain Range                          Himalayas (Asia)

Highest Waterfall                                    Angel (Venezuela)

Highest City                                            Wenchuan (China)

Highest Mountain Peak.                           Mount Everest (Nepal).

Highest Road                                           Leh Nobra Road (India)

THE LARGEST

Largest City(Population)                            Tokyo (Japan)

Largest Country  (Population)                     China. 

Largest Dam                                             Grand Coulee-Concrete Dam (USA)

Largest Desert                                           Sahara Desert (Africa).

Largest Island                                            Greenland

Largest Lake (salt water Lake)                   Caspian Sea.

Largest Mountain(South-Range-America)    The Andes                 .

Largest Railway Platform                           Kharagpur, West Bengal (India).

Largest Sea                                                South China Sea

Largest Temple                                          Angkor Vat (Kampuchea)

Largest Bird                                               Ostrich

Largest Continent                                       Asia

Largest Creature                                        Blue Whale

Largest Delta                                              Sunderbans (India)

Largest Electorate                                       India

Largest Gulf                                               Gulf of Mexico

Largest Lake  (freshwater)                          Lake Superior    (Canada)

Largest Mosque                                          Jama Masjid, Delhi (India).

Largest Peninsula                                        Arabia (Area 3,250,000 Sq. Km)

Largest Satellite                                          Titan (Satellite of Saturn)

Largest Zoo                                               Etosha Reserve (South West Africa.)

Airport , largest                                         King khalid International , Airport outside Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

THE LONGEST

Longest Epic                                              Mahabharata

Largest Platform                                         Kharagpur, (India)

Largest River                                              Nile.

Largest Wall                                               Great Wall of China

THE TALLEST

Tallest Animal                                             Giraffe

Building, tallest                                          Taipei-101,in (Taiwan) 508 meter high.

Tallest Minaret                                            Sultan Hassan Mosque(Egypt).

Tallest Statue                                               Motherland Volgograd (Russia)

Tallest Fountain                                            Fountain Hills (Arizona)

Tallest Minaret  (Free standing)                    Qutub Minar, Delhi

THE SMALLEST

Smallest Bird                                                Humming Bird

Smallest Planet                                             Mercury

Smallest Country                                           Vatican City(In area)

Continent smallest                                        Australia mainland

For More information visit = HERE

General Knowledge :- Geography :- SUPERLATIVES WORLD AND INDIA

General Knowledge :- Geography :- SUPERLATIVES WORLD

Miscellaneous

Fastest  Animal                                     The Peregrine Falcon

Brightest Planet                                    Venus

Driest Place                                          Death Valley (California)

Place, coldest                                        Pole of Antarctica

Place, hottest                                        Dallol (Ethiopia)

Airmail, first                                        At Allahabad in Feb. 1911.

Bank, Branches most                          State Bank of India

Stamp, first                                         Penny Black (British 1840)

Train, fastest                                       In France; French SNCF high speed train TGV-Train –a 

                                                          Grande Vitesse (average speed 320 km/hr.)

Biggest, Largest & Longest In India

Award for Gallantry                          Param vir Chakra  

Award , highest Civilian                    Bharat Ratna

Road Bridge                                     Mahatma Gandhi setu 

Longest                                            Cross Ganga at Patna ( 5575 km )

Cattle fair, largest                             Sonepur  ( Bihar )

City, Most Populous                        Mumbai

Corridor , Longest                           Rameshwaram Temple

Desert , Largest                               Thar ( Rajasthan )

Dam , Longest                                 Hirakud Dam (Orissa )

Delta , Largest                                Sunderbans Delta

Dome , Largest                              Gol Gumbaz ( Bijapur )

Dam , Highest                                 Bhakra Dam ( 710 ft )

Gateway , Highest                          Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur sikri

Literacy ( Highest )                        Kerala ( near 100 %)

Mosque ( Biggest )                        Jama Masjid (Delhi )

Platform , Longest                         At Kharagpur

Rainfall , Highest                           Mawsynram near Cherrapunji,12000mm

  Road, longest                               G.T.Road(15000 miles)

State , largest(in population)         UP ( 16.6 crore )     

Tunnel Longest                            Jawahar tunnel  ( 1.75 miles  in J&K )

Tunnel , Longest                           6.5 km(Konkan Railway)

Tower , Highest                            Qutab Minar (Delhi,72.5m)

Waterfall , Highest                        Gersoppa  waterfall ( Karnataka : 960 ft )

State with max. forest cover          Assam 

State with Max.                            West Bengal ( 904 per density(square Km)    of  population )

Changed Name of Some Indian Cities

Old Name                                       New Name 

Allahabad                                         Prayag

Banaras                                            Varanasi

Baroda                                             Vadodara

Bombay                                           Mumbai

Calcutta                                           Kolkata

Cochin                                             Kochi

Madras                                           Chennai

Trivandrum                                      Thiruvananthapuram

Aurangabad                                     Sambhajinagar

Countries / Cities  Names – Old & New

New Names                                Old Names

Bangladesh                                   East Pakistan

Beijing                                          Peking

Ghana                                          Gold Coast

Indonesia                                     Dutch East Indies

Iran                                             Persia

Iraq                                             Mesopotamia

Malaysia                                     Malaya

Myanmar                                   Burma

Namibia                                     South West Africa

Holland                                      The Netherlands

Sri Lanka                                  Ceylon

Taiwan                                      Formosa

Yangon                                     Rangoon

Zimbabwe                                 Southern Rhodesia

Important General Knowledge

              General Knowledge

Q-1         At what temperature density of water is maximum ?

                (a) 276 K                                               (b) 277 K

                (c) 300 K                                               (d) 373 K

Ans. (b) 277 K

Explanation :-         

At 4⁰ C density of water is maximum. As we know that water boils at 100⁰ C but in Kelvin Scale it is 373 K and water freeze at 0⁰ C but in Kelvin Scale it is 273 K . Therefore we can say that water has maximum density at 277K.

Q-2         How many colours are there in Sun light  ?

                (a) 3                                                       (b) 7

                (c) 8                                                       (d) 9

Ans.       (b) 7

Explanation :-  

One can see this behavior during Rainbow . We know that white light contain Seven colours and Sunlight is white light therefore sunlight contain seven colours. During rainbow white light is split into seven colours. These seven colours are in the order of VIBGYOR

V             Violet

I               Indigo

B             Blue

G             Green

Y              Yellow

O             Orange

R             Red  

 Q-3        Which of the following is the highest point in Antarctica ?

                (a) Vinton Massif                             (b) Vinson Massif

                (c) Mount Anna                                (d) Mount View

 

Ans.       (b) Vinson Massif

Explanation :- 

Highest point is Vinson Massif and its height is 5140 m .  

Q-4         Initially the Gadar Party was known as ----------------

                (a) Socialist Democratic Party                     

                (b) Pacific Coast Hindustan Association

                (c) Hindustan Socialistic Republic Association

                (d) None of these  

Ans.       (b) Pacific Coast Hindustan Association

Explanation :- 

It was formed in USA ( San Francisco ) in 1913 with Sohan Singh Bhakna as its President.  

  

Q-5       Rajguru , Sukhdev , Bhagat Singh were hanged on 23 /03 / 1931 for ----- 

                (a) Throwing Bomb on Central  Legislative Assembly                       

                (b) Their involvement in Kakori Case  

                (c) The Assassination of Saundras 

                (d) None of these  

Ans.       (c) The Assassination of Saundras 

For More Detail visit = HERE

 

General Knowledge Abbreviation

General Knowledge Abbreviation

F. A. O.                  :               Food & Agriculture  Organisation (U. N. Agency).

F. B. I.                    :                Federal Bureau of  Investigation.

F. C. I.                    :               Fertilizer Corporation of India; Food Corporation of  India.

F. I. C. C. I.            :               Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

F. I. R.                    :               First Information Report.

F. M.                      :               Field Marshal.

   G

GATT                     :               General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade.

GDP                       :               Gross Domestic Product.

GMT                      :               Greenwich Mean Time.

G. P. O.                 :               General Post Office.

G. N. P.                 :               Gross National Product.

GSLV                    :               Geo-Synchronous Satellite  Launch Vehicle.

   H

H. A. L.                 :               Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

H. A. S.                 :               Himachal Pradesh Administrative Service.

H. M. I   .              :               Himalayan Mountaineering Institute.

H. S. L.                 :               Hindustan Steel Limited.

HIV                       :               Human immunodeficiency virus.

H. U. D. C. O.       :               Housing & Urban  Development Corporation.

  

  I

I. A.                        :               Indian Airlines.

I. A. R. I.                                Indian Agriculture Research Institute.

I. A. S.                    :               Indian Administration  Service.

I. A. A.   S.             :               Indian Adult & Accounts Service.

I. A. F.                    :               Indian Air Force.

I. A. E. A.               :               International Atomic Energy Agency.

I. A. T. A.               :               International Air Transport   Association.

I.B.M.                    :               International Business Machines.

I.B.R.D                  :               International Bank Of  Reconstruction and  Development

I.C.A.O                  :               International civil aviation organization

I.C.A.R                  :               Indian council for  Agricultural research

I.C.B.M                     :                  Intercontinental Ballistic missile

I.C.M.R                 :               Indian council of medical research  

I.C.S                       :               Indian civil service

I.C.W.A                 :               Indian council of world  affair

I.D.A                      :               International Development Association   

I.D.B.I                    :               Industrial development bank of India

I.F.S                        :               Indian Foreign service

I.I.T                        :               Indian Institute of  Technology

I.L.O                       :               Indian Labour Organisation

I.M.F                      :               International Monetary Fund  

I.N                          :               Indian Navy

I.N.A                      :               Indian National army

I.N.S                       :               Indian Naval ship

INSAT                   :               Indian National satellite

INTEL SET            :               International  Telecommunication Satellite

INTERPOL            :               International Police

I.N.T.U.C               :               Indian National Trade Union Congress

I.O.L                       :               Indian oil corporation

I.P.C                       :               Indian Penal Code

I.R.R.S                   :               Indian Remote sensing  Satellite

I.Q                          :               Intelligent Quotient

I.R.C                      :               International Red Cross 

I.R.O                      :               International Refugee Organization

I.R.S                       :               Indian Revenue Services

I.R.T.S                   :               Indian Railway Traffic Services

ISRO                      :               Indian Space research Organization

I.S.T                       :               Indian Standard Time

I.T.I                        :               Industrial Training Institute

ITO                         :               Income Tax Officer

IGNOU                  :               Indira Gandhi National Open University.

IT                            :               Information Technology

IFS                          :               Indian Forest Service

IAS                         :               Indian Administration  Service

IPS                          :               Indian Police Service

ICJ                          :               Indian Court of Justice

IGF                         :               Indian Growth Fund

IIM                         :               Indian Institute of   management

ISB                         :               Indian School Of Business

IP                            :               Internet Protocol

ISC                         :               Indian School Certificate

   J

JAL                         :               Japan Air lines

JCO                        :               Junior Commissioned officer

J.P                           :               Justice of peace.